The preservation of the Red Book species of animals, including the saiga, is the task of each and every one. PJSC LUKOIL actively participates in the implementation of the Business and Biodiversity Initiative, makes an increasingly significant contribution to the implementation of the federal project βConservation of biological diversity and development of ecological tourismβ, which is part of the national project βEcologyβ. The Cooperation Agreement signed on March 16, 2020 between the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia and PJSC LUKOIL is aimed at implementing measures to preserve and restore the saiga population, inspiring hope that with such support, saigas will not disappear from the territory of our country. The annual competition of social and cultural projects organized by PJSC LUKOIL, the purpose of which is to support caring Astrakhan residents, creates all the conditions that will make it possible to bring their ideas to life.
Thus, in 2020, one of the winners of the competition for social and cultural projects of PJSC LUKOIL was a project called In Defense of the Red Book species, which is being implemented in the Akhtuba District of the Astrakhan Region, one of the areas of which is a volunteer eco-project aimed at preserving the saiga population and steppe tulips in the Astrakhan region.
As part of the implementation of this project, on February 21, 2021, the first youth ecological forum of volunteers “In Defense of the Red Book” took place in the βMusaβ concert and exhibition hall in Akhtubinsk. This very forum, which brought together 10 local volunteer teams, demonstrated how active the volunteer movement is in the Akhtuba region. In the format of the forum organized by the “Center of Folk Culture”, the Youth Center “Akhtubinsky District”, the Youth Center “Builders of the Cultural Province” with the support of the Directorate to ensure the functioning of the northern protected areas of the Astrakhan region and the βBogdinsko-Baskunchaksky” Reserve, members of volunteer teams took part with great enthusiasm in various competitions on the topic of nature protection, and also had the opportunity to discuss important issues, including those related to saiga, with representatives of relevant regional organizations.
So, at the invitation of T.Zubricheva. – Director of “Center of Folk Art” Akhtubinsky region in the event was attended by V. Kalmykov, director of the Stepnoi Reserve, whose employees have been preserving and protecting the saiga population of the North-Western Caspian Sea for more than 20 years, and whose respective projects have repeatedly won the competition for social and cultural projects of PJSC LUKOIL. Realizing the importance of preserving this independent and isolated population, the only independent and isolated population on the territory of Russia, PJSC LUKOIL, within the framework of the above Agreement, renders all possible assistance to the Reserve. Also, G. Kalmykova – inspector of the Stepnoi Reserve for environmental education and T. Gaidukova as a head of the Renaissance steppe club, organized on the initiative of the Stepnoi Reserve under the auspices of the SCA based on secondary school No. 1 of the Liman District.
The forum participants listened with great interest to G. Kalmykova, who told about the history of creation of the Stepnoi Reserve, its main tasks and areas of activity, one of which is environmental education. The demonstrated colorful presentation showed how members of the children’s steppe club “Vozrozhdenije”, as well as members of other similar clubs created, including in the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia, when visiting the Reserve, acquire the first skills of observing saiga and other animals in nature; learn all the techniques for working with camera traps (extracting information, replacing batteries, choosing the best place to install a camera trap); take part in the implementation of a number of biotechnical activities, such as planting plants, installing artificial nests for birds of prey, and clearing watering places. First of all for them, members of the children’s steppe club “Vozrozhdenije” – the young owners of the Limanskaya land, who at one time, on their council, decided to make every effort to help adults, and first of all, the staff of the Stepnoi Reserve, to revive and preserve their native steppe with its inhabitants, the main representative of which is the saiga, the staff of the Stepnoi Reserve creates colorful illustrated materials, conducts creative contests, and organizes specialized lessons in schools.
This story was continued by T. Gaidukova, talking about projects aimed at popularizing knowledge about saiga and protecting, first of all, the Red Book animals, contests, promotions and events held by the children’s steppe club “Vozrozhdenije”, as well as her impressions of the experience of working with specially protected natural areas, with The Stepnoi Reserve, with international organizations such as the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and the Saiga Conservation Alliance (SCA).
Also the Forum was attended by S. Glagolev – Director of the βBogdinsko-Baskunchakskyβ Reserve, and his deputy for research work N. Pirogov, demonstrating very interesting video and photographic materials, told about the saiga population, the main part of which lives on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, migrating to the territory of Russia, including within the limits of a small area (only 18.5 thousand hectares) Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky reserve, as well as about the implementation of the research operation βSaigaβ.
Really great impression was left by a tour of various corners of the “Center of Folk Art”. Thus, there have been workshops of pyrography (burning) on wood, making souvenirs from clay, painting gingerbread, making tulips from colored corrugated paper. So, through creativity, Akhtuba volunteers get to know more about the Red Book species, the knowledge of which they will share in the future in a playful way with young residents of the district.
Posters, drawings, photographs, arts, and crafts of the winners of the βLet’s Preserve Rare Speciesβ competition became the decoration of the assembly hall, where the main action of the Forum took place, including a competition of volunteer teams who performed songs and poems and showed excerpts from performances. The best teams were awarded prizes provided by the βBogdinsko-Baskunchakskyβ Reserve and AstMarket.
The program of the forum was very eventful, and the event itself was united by one idea – leading a healthy lifestyle, to do everything possible to preserve the saiga and steppe tulips. They also expressed hope for the development of cooperation between the Stepnoi Reserve and the Vozrozhdenije Steppe Club with the Akhtuba District Volunteer Movement, which will make it possible to raise from the children a worthy replacement of conservationists, in general, and the saiga in particular. And then we can say with confidence that βThe future of the saiga is in their hands!β
Concluding this note, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to the organizers for the opportunity to actively participate in the Forum, and PJSC LUKOIL, represented by Deputy General Director for Public Relations, Alexander Khodaev, for his constant attention and assistance in preserving the saiga, and the entire biological diversity of the Astrakhan region, in general.
G. Kalmykova – inspector of the Stepnoi Reserve for environmental education
Π Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π‘ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ , Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ°, Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΒ» Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Β«ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ΅Β», Π²Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«Π‘ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Β», ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Β«ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΒ». ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ 16 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΠΈΠ½ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΒ» Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ°, Π²ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½Π΅Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΒ» Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠ΅Π², ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΌΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Ρ.
Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π² 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΒ» ΡΡΠ°Π» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Β«Π Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Β», ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΉ Π² ΠΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π» Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ.
Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° 21 ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ°Π»Ρ 2021 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ Β«ΠΡΠ·Π°Β» Π³. ΠΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π² Β«Π Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Β». ΠΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉ 10 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π», Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅. Π ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΠ£Π Β«Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΒ» ΠΠ Β«ΠΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Β», ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Β«Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΈΒ» ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΠΠΠ’ ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π€ΠΠΠ£ Β«ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ Β«ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ», ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ°, Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ (ΡΠΈΡ. 1).
Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ Π’.Π‘. – Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΠ£Π Β«Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Β» ΠΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ» ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π.Π. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ² – Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 20-ΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ° Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΒ» (ΡΠΈΡ 2, 3). ΠΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Ρ Π²ΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΒ» Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² Π€ΠΎΡΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π.Π. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π’.Π. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° – ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π° Β«ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ° Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ β 1 ΠΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°.
Π‘ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π.Π. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ± ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ», Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ – ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ β ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π° Β«ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ , Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ; ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈ); ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π³Π½Π΅Π·Π΄ Π΄Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡ. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ , ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π° Β«ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» – ΡΠ½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ΅Π² Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π²Π·ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΌ, ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ», Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ Ρ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊ, ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ (ΡΠΈΡ 4).
ΠΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π· Π’.Π. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π² ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ , ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Ρ , Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ , ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ± Β«ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, Ρ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ», Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ (IFAW), ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ (WWF), ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ° (SCA) (ΡΠΈΡ 5).
Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ Π€ΠΎΡΡΠΌΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π‘.Π. ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π² – Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ Π€ΠΠΠ£ Β«ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ Β«ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ» ( ΡΠΈΡ 6 ), ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π.Π.ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ( ΡΠΈΡ 7), ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π² ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΎ- ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ°Π·Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½, ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈ (Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 18,5 ΡΡΡ. Π³Π°) ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Β«Π‘Π°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΒ».
ΠΠ΅ΠΈΠ·Π³Π»Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²Ρ, ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ°-Π±ΡΠΌΠ°Π³ΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π² Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΈΠ³ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π° (ΡΠΈΡ 8).
ΠΠ»Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΠ° Β«Π‘ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΒ» ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π»Π°, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π€ΠΎΡΡΠΌΠ°, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π²ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π€ΠΠΠ£ Β«ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊ Β«ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΊΠΈΠΉΒ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΡΡΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π΅ΠΉ β Π²Π΅Π΄Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΏΠ°Π½Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ±Π° Β«ΠΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅Β» Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΡ ΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ°, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Β«ΠΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ !Β».
ΠΠ°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ, Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² Π€ΠΎΡΡΠΌΠ΅, Π° ΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠΒ» Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ “ΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΠΊΠ½Π΅ΡΡΡ” ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄ΡΡ Π₯ΠΎΠ΄Π°Π΅Π²Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΠΉΠ³Π°ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΡΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ.(ΡΠΈΡ 9)
Π.Π. ΠΠ°Π»ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° β ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Β«Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅